General Chemistry · Module 5 · Ionic and covalent bonding

Chemical Bonding Walkthrough

Watch atoms trade and share electrons, build a salt crystal, draw Lewis structures one electron pair at a time, and use bond energies to estimate the heat of a reaction. Go at your own pace. Nothing here is graded.

Speed

Think of it like this

Quick check

Wrong answers are fine here. Read why, then try again.

Dr. Akash Garg · General Chemistry Study Tools · Particle drawings are simplified and not to scale. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Use the left and right arrow keys to move between steps. Practice next in the Chemical Bonding Lab. Atoms and electrons are drawn as simple spheres and dots, motion is sped up so you can watch it, and bond energies are average table values in kJ/mol.