Chemistry · Chapter 8

Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding

Orbitals that overlap, mix and spread out

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Six lessons cover this chapter, one for each section. Open any of them on its own below, or meet it in place inside chapter 8 of the book. Tick a lesson off once you can predict what it will do before you touch it.

1

Valence bond theory and orbital overlap

Slide two atoms together and watch orbitals overlap.

2

Hybrid orbitals

Mix s and p orbitals into sp, sp2 and sp3 sets.

3

Sigma and pi bonds

Compare head-on and side-on overlap and what each allows.

4

Multiple bonds and rotation

Try to rotate a double bond and see why it locks.

5

Molecular orbital theory

Fill a molecular orbital diagram for simple diatomics.

6

Bond order and magnetism

Compute bond order and predict paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

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