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Teaching maps: the 3,000 bp vector and the donor DNA are invented, but the enzyme recognition sites and overhangs are real. Colony numbers are typical teaching values for one plate, not predictions. PCR uses N = N₀ × (1 + E)ⁿ, slowed as the reaction nears a plateau of about 10¹² copies; the gel is drawn on a log-size scale. Motion is sped up.
Problems are randomly generated. PCR problems assume perfect doubling unless stated. Gel distances follow a straight line against log size, as real gels do over this range. CRISPR problems use Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (PAM = NGG) and look only at the strand shown.
Your job
Fictional people and cases. Data are realistic teaching values, simplified and rounded. For learning only, not medical or legal advice.
Wrong picks are fine here. Each one tells you why.