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Pharmacology · Chapter 6

Bisphosphonates: How They Work, How They're Given

These drugs shut down the cell that dissolves bone — but less than 1% of an oral dose is ever absorbed, and the tablet can burn a hole in the esophagus. That is why the administration rules are the nursing care. Learn the mechanism, then set up a patient's morning dose.

Bone remodeling

Red flags to teach & report

Esophagitis / erosion — new heartburn, painful or difficult swallowing, chest pain. Hold the drug and notify the prescriber. Do not chew or suck the tablet (oral ulcers).

Osteonecrosis of the jaw — rare; jaw pain, loose teeth, non-healing socket. Dental exam and needed work before starting.

Atypical femoral fracture — new dull thigh or groin ache after long-term use. Report before it completes.
Check before the first dose: correct hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency first (the drug drives calcium into bone and can worsen a low level). Check renal function — oral agents are avoided at CrCl below about 30–35 mL/min. Baseline DEXA to follow response.
Bone is never finishedstep 1 of 5