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Oral Communication · Chapter 13

The Ethical Closing Bench

Ethos is not a personality trait; it is produced by specific sentences you choose to say. And fear moves people only when it arrives with a way out. This closing opens the way most student closings actually open — asserted credibility, the worst case you could find, plenty of threat and no exit. Repair it, and watch whether the room ends up managing the danger or just managing the fear.

1 · Ethos, sentence by sentence

Competence
Trustworthiness
Goodwill — eunoia

2 · Emotion, and the fear-appeal rule

The story you tell
The four sentences — two about the threat, two about the response
3 · The ask

The closing, as you would say it

0Words
0:00Spoken
Closing strength0%

What the room does next

Extended parallel process model grid Threat runs left to right, efficacy runs bottom to top. A marker shows where this closing lands: no response, fear control, or danger control. NO RESPONSE they agree, and do nothing FEAR CONTROL deny, avoid, dismiss DANGER CONTROL they act on the threat THREAT → EFFICACY →

Why it landed that way