← Chapter 9
Oral Communication · Chapter 9

Budget the First Ninety Seconds

An introduction is not a warm-up lap. It has five jobs to finish, usually in well under a minute, and every job you skip becomes a more expensive problem later in the speech. Set your speech length, switch jobs on and off, drag the seconds, and watch both the clock and the bill.

1 · How long is the whole speech?

2 · The five jobs — toggle, then drag the seconds
3 · The conclusion
ConclusionClosure signal, restatement, one-sentence summary, clincher0 s
Set your budgetPick a speech length to begin.
Introduction
Conclusion
0
spoken words up front
0/5
jobs actually done
0:00
left for the body

The bill for what you skipped