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Microbiology · Chapter 12

Barriers — the First Line of Defense

Before a single immune cell is called, the body stops almost every microbe at the door. It uses intact skin, moist mucous membranes, chemical secretions, and its own normal flora. Tap a site to see each barrier work. Then switch on a real insult and watch the wall come down.

The barrier map

Seven first-line barriers
Tap a numbered site, or an item in the list.
Skin Mucous membranes Secretions Normal flora Barrier down

How much still gets stoppedlive model

99.92percent of microbes stopped
Barriers holding
7 of 7
Getting through
845 in a million
Risk
low

Every barrier is intact. Almost nothing gets past the wall.

The first line of defensefour kinds of barrier, working before you feel a thing
The seven barrier sites

Switch on an insulttap to toggle

Each one knocks out a real barrier. Tap again to put it back.