← Chapter 13
College Algebra · Chapter 13

Check the Domain

Somewhere in the middle of almost every logarithmic equation there is a step that widens what the expression will accept. Combine log x + log(x − 3) into log(x(x − 3)) and negative x is suddenly allowed. The algebra after that point is honest — but it is answering a slightly bigger question than the one you were asked, and it will hand back an extra answer that must be rejected. Here is that extra answer, drawn.

The real curve and its phantom

log x + log(x − 3)  the real left side log(x(x − 3))  after combining
shift a in log(x − a) =3
right-hand side c =1

Where each expression is allowed to live

One equation, step by steppress Next to begin

Worked steps

The domain check

A negative candidate is not automatically wrong

log(x2) = 2  →  x2 = 102 = 100  →  x = ±10
x = 10  →  argument x2 = 100✓ keep
x = −10  →  argument x2 = 100✓ keep
Both work: log(100) = 2 either way. The test is never “is x negative?” — it is “is every argument positive?” Rejecting negatives on sight is a habit, not a rule, and it will cost you a real solution.
The whole discipline in three lines: (1) before you solve, write down what each argument requires; (2) solve; (3) test every candidate in the original equation, not in the line you rewrote. Step 3 is the one people skip, and it is the only one that catches the impostor.